![]() ![]() Volume overload, on the other hand leads to eccentric hypertrophy characterized by a proportional enlargement of the chamber size and the wall thickness. Sustained pressure overload often leads to concentric hypertrophy, which is characterized by increased wall thickness without a concomitant chamber enlargement. Cardiac hypertrophy is often triggered when the heart is subjected to hemodynamic stress from volume or pressure overload. Pregnancy-induced physiological heart hypertrophyĬardiac hypertrophy, defined as an enlargement of the ventricles, is an important compensatory response so the heart can maintain its pumping capacity. Special emphasis has to be given to the guidelines on disease management in pregnancy. We also review pregnancy-induced cardiovascular complications such as peripartum cardiomyopathy and pre-eclampsia and how the knowledge from the animal studies may help us to develop new therapeutic strategies for better treatment of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. The role of sex hormones in particular estrogen in cardiac remodeling during pregnancy is also discussed. We also review the role of ubiquitin proteasome system, the major machinery for the degradation of damaged and misfolded proteins, in heart hypertrophy. Emerging evidence shows that various microRNAs modulate key components of hypertrophy, therefore the role of microRNAs in the regulation of gene expression in pregnancy induced hypertrophy is also discussed. In particular we focus on structural and extracellular matrix remodelling as well as signalling pathways in pregnancy-induced physiological heart hypertrophy. This review summarises the recent advances and the new frontiers in the context of heart hypertrophy during pregnancy. ![]() Cardiac hypertrophy during pregnancy is a complex process that involves many changes including in the signalling pathways, composition of extracellular matrix as well as the levels of sex hormones. Previously we have characterized the molecular and functional signature of heart hypertrophy during pregnancy. During Pregnancy, heart develops physiological left ventricular hypertrophy as a result of the natural volume overload. ![]()
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